Gastric adenocarcinoma ( gastric k) is a pathology that, in 90% of cases, originates from an uncontrolled growth of cells in the tissue that lines the stomach, i.e., the gastric mucosa. It is one of the most widespread neoplasms in the world; however, in recent years, its incidence has been decreasing, thanks to the possibility of making increasingly accurate diagnoses and progress in the scientific field.
Gastric cancer is considered a multifactorial disease, meaning it is determined by a mix of different causes, among which one of the most critical aspects is diet. A diet composed mainly of fatty, preserved foods, starches, as well as salted products or products subjected to processes such as smoking, can increase the chances of getting sick. Furthermore, severely overweight individuals have a greater risk of suffering from this disease.
Other widespread causes are cigarette smoking (those who smoke have a 40% greater chance of developing belly cancer), the presence of the Helicobacter pylori bacterium, and genetic predisposition.Those in the family who have a history of polyposis or other types of syndromes (Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Lynch syndrome, and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome) are more at risk, as are those suffering from diabetes mellitus, pernicious anemia, AIDS, and peptic ulcer.
Stomach carcinoma initially presents itself in a rather vague and non-specific manner; in fact, the initial manifestations can easily be confused with those of gastritis or peptic ulcer. Generally speaking, the symptoms to recognize gastric cancer include:
It is essential to take into account the appearance of these symptoms and possibly undergo a gastroscopy, as an early diagnosis can play a fundamental role in fighting the disease. Given that this type of neoplasm often presents itself as an apparent gastritis or gastric ulcer, if the treatment for these two pathologies does not bring significant results, it is advisable to perform a gastroscopy in order to verify that a tumor is not present.
Stomach cancer presents with initial symptoms that are so vague and barely mentioned that they can go unnoticed. Often, therefore, a long time passes before the pathology is recognized, with a consequent delay in undertaking treatment. However, it is of fundamental importance to attach importance to the appearance of some initial manifestations, which could be traced back to stomach tumors. Among them, we find:
When stomach cancer reaches a more advanced stage, its manifestations become more evident and recognizable. Final stomach cancer symptoms include:
If the symptoms of gastric cancer are recognized, it is essential to carry out all the tests necessary to make a correct diagnosis. They understand:
Stomach cancer can be treated by surgical removal, which is the primary therapeutic indication, although this is only curative in 20-30% of cases. Invasive carcinomas are generally removed surgically through a subtotal or total gastrectomy; however, much depends on where the tumor is located and which tissues it has invaded. In association with surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy is then performed because this type of cancer has a relatively high recurrence rate.
Unfortunately, due to the often late diagnosis, it is a neoplasm that still has a low survival rate. Chemotherapy carried out on patients with operable tumors can be neoadjuvant (i.e., it is carried out before surgery) or adjuvant (it is carried out after surgery) and represents the primary option for people with advanced-stage cancer. In recent years, innovative therapies have been developed, such as immunotherapy, which, for some categories of patients, can make chemotherapy more effective.
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